Setting Time for Concrete: What You Need to Know

Concrete setting time is a crucial aspect of the construction process that requires understanding and consideration. The setting time refers to the time it takes for the concrete to change from a liquid state to a solid state. It is essential to comprehend the setting time of concrete to ensure the quality and effectiveness of construction projects.

Various factors influence the setting time of concrete, including the mix design, water-cement ratio, and temperature. Understanding the setting process is vital, as it comprises two stages: initial setting and final setting.

To determine the setting time, two common tests are used: the Vicat test and the penetration resistance test. These tests provide valuable insights into the concrete’s setting process and help determine its suitability for construction purposes.

Controlling the setting time is important for several reasons. It affects the workability of the concrete, allowing for proper placement and shaping during construction. Controlling the setting time ensures proper curing, which contributes to the concrete’s strength and durability over time.

There are methods available to adjust the setting time of concrete, such as the use of retarders to slow down the setting process or accelerators to speed it up. These techniques provide flexibility and allow for better project management.

It is crucial to follow precautions and best practices when dealing with the setting time of concrete. This includes closely monitoring the mix design, water-cement ratio, and temperature during the construction process. Adhering to these practices ensures the successful execution of construction projects and enhances the overall quality of the concrete structure.

Key takeaway:

Setting time matters in concrete: Understanding the setting time of concrete is crucial for ensuring its proper use and application in construction projects.
Factors influencing the setting time: Various factors, such as mix design, water-cement ratio, and temperature, impact the setting time of concrete and should be taken into consideration during construction.
Controlling the setting time is important: Proper control over the setting time allows for better workability and curing of concrete, resulting in higher quality and more durable structures.

Why Does Setting Time Matter?

The setting time of concrete is an important factor to consider in construction projects as it greatly impacts the strength and durability of the structure. Let’s explore why setting time matters:

1. Quality Assurance: The setting time of concrete directly affects its quality. A proper setting time ensures that the concrete achieves the desired strength and hardness. If the setting time is too fast, it can result in weak and brittle concrete. On the other hand, if it is too slow, it can cause delays in the construction progress.

2. Workability: The setting time also determines the workability of the concrete. Workability refers to how easily the concrete can be mixed, placed, and finished. With the right setting time, the concrete remains workable for a sufficient duration, allowing for proper pouring, shaping, and finishing of the structure.

3. Construction Schedule: Setting time directly impacts the construction schedule. If the setting time is too long, it can cause delays in subsequent construction activities, leading to increased costs and project delays. Conversely, if the setting time is too short, it may require rushed work, compromising the quality of the structure.

4. Cost Efficiency: Efficient management of setting time can help optimize construction costs. By accurately predicting and controlling the setting time, contractors can minimize wastage, labor costs, and the need for additional resources.

5. Safety: Setting time is crucial for ensuring the safety of workers and the public. Opening a concrete structure to traffic or loading before it has properly set can compromise its integrity and pose significant safety risks.

In summary, understanding and managing the setting time of concrete is crucial for ensuring the quality, workability, adherence to schedule, cost efficiency, and safety of construction projects.

What Factors Influence the Setting Time of Concrete?

The setting time of concrete is influenced by various factors that can impact its strength and durability. Here are the key factors that influence the setting time of concrete:

1. Mix Design: The composition of the concrete mixture plays a crucial role in determining its setting time. The type and proportion of cement, aggregates, and additives used in the mix can affect how quickly the concrete sets.

2. Water-Cement Ratio: The water-cement ratio is an important factor in concrete setting time. A higher water-cement ratio can lead to a longer setting time, while a lower ratio can speed up the setting process. It is essential to maintain a proper balance to ensure optimal setting time and strength.

3. Temperature: The temperature of the surroundings and the concrete itself can significantly impact setting time. Higher temperatures accelerate the setting time, while lower temperatures can delay it. It is essential to consider the ambient temperature and take appropriate measures to control it during the concrete curing process.

Proper understanding and control of these factors are crucial in ensuring the desired setting time for concrete. By adjusting the mix design, water-cement ratio, and considering the temperature conditions, it is possible to achieve the desired setting time for a specific project.

To ensure optimal results, it is important to follow best practices such as proper curing techniques. Curing helps in maintaining moisture and temperature conditions necessary for the concrete to achieve optimal strength and durability.

By considering these factors and implementing appropriate measures, construction professionals can effectively control and adjust the setting time of concrete to meet project requirements.

Understanding the Setting Process of Concrete

When it comes to understanding the setting process of concrete, there are two key elements to consider: the initial setting and the final setting. In this section, we will explore these crucial stages of the concrete setting process, uncovering the factors that influence them and why they are important. From the moment concrete starts to harden to the point of achieving its ultimate strength, we will delve into the mechanics and timeline behind the setting of this essential construction material.

Initial Setting

The initial setting of concrete is a crucial stage in the overall process. Here are the steps involved in the initial setting of concrete:

Preparation: Ensure that all the necessary materials and tools are ready and within reach.
Mixing: Combine the cement, aggregates, and water in the correct proportions. Use a concrete mixer or mixing equipment to achieve a uniform mixture.
Placement: Transfer the mixed concrete to the desired location. It can be poured into moulds or directly onto the surface.
Leveling and Consolidation: Use tools such as screeds, trowels, or vibrating equipment to evenly distribute and compact the concrete.
Finishing: Apply finishing techniques, such as trowelling or stamping, to achieve the desired surface texture and appearance.
Monitoring: Keep a close eye on the concrete during the initial setting stage. Observe any changes in consistency or appearance.
Testing: Perform tests, such as the Vicat test or penetration resistance test, to determine the setting time and verify if the concrete has reached the initial set.
Protection: Once the concrete has initially set, cover it with a curing compound or moist curing methods to prevent rapid moisture loss and promote proper hydration.

To ensure a successful initial setting of concrete, here are some suggestions:

Follow the recommended mix design to achieve the desired strength and setting properties.
Maintain the correct water-cement ratio to ensure proper hydration and reduce the risk of shrinkage or cracking.
Control the temperature during the initial setting stage, as extreme temperatures can affect the concrete’s setting time and overall performance.
Pay attention to workability, ensuring that the concrete is easy to handle and place without sacrificing strength or durability.
Implement proper curing techniques to promote the gradual and controlled hardening of the concrete, enhancing its long-term performance.

By understanding and carefully managing the initial setting of concrete, you can ensure the successful completion of your construction project.

Final Setting

Final Setting is the last stage in the setting process of concrete. It is an essential step in ensuring the strength and durability of the concrete structure.

During Final Setting, the chemical reaction between cement and water, called hydration, is completed. This reaction results in the formation of a solid matrix that binds the aggregates together.
The Final Setting of concrete typically occurs around 4 to 8 hours after the Initial Setting. It is important to monitor the setting time to prevent delays in construction or issues with the quality of the concrete.
The setting time of concrete can be influenced by the temperature of the surroundings. Higher temperatures can accelerate the setting process, while lower temperatures can prolong it.
Proper curing is crucial during Final Setting to maintain the desired moisture content and temperature conditions. It ensures the development of optimal strength and durability in the hardened concrete.
The workability of the concrete gradually decreases during the Final Setting, making it important to complete any desired finishing or shaping before this stage.

To ensure a successful Final Setting of concrete, it is recommended to follow these suggestions:

Monitor the setting time closely and plan construction activities accordingly.
Control the temperature during curing to facilitate the proper development of strength.
Properly finish and shape the concrete before it reaches the Final Setting stage.
Follow appropriate curing techniques to promote the full hydration and hardening of the concrete.
Consult with professionals or experts for specific recommendations based on the project requirements and environmental conditions.

How to Determine the Setting Time of Concrete?

To determine the setting time of concrete, there are two key methods that can be used: the Vicat test and the penetration resistance test. These tests provide important insights into the setting time of concrete, which is crucial for the smooth progress of construction projects. Let’s explore these methods and uncover the secrets to understanding and managing the setting time of concrete!

Vicat Test

The Vicat Test is a standardized method used to determine the setting time of concrete. This test measures the consistency and setting time of fresh concrete.

Test Name	Vicat Test
Principle	A needle or plunger is used to penetrate the concrete at regular intervals, and the time taken for the needle or plunger to reach specific depths is recorded.
Procedure	1. Prepare a sample of fresh concrete and place it in a Vicat apparatus. 2. Gently lower the needle or plunger onto the surface of the concrete. 3. Start the timer and allow the plunger to penetrate the concrete. 4. Record the time when the plunger reaches specific depths according to the standard requirements. 5. Repeat the test at regular intervals to determine the initial and final setting time of the concrete.
Significance	The Vicat Test helps assess the workability and setting time of the concrete, which affects the handling, placing, and curing processes. It allows construction professionals to determine how quickly the concrete will harden and gain strength.
Results	The test provides the initial and final setting time of the concrete. The initial setting time is the time elapsed from the addition of water to the mix until the concrete has stiffened enough to resist a specified penetration, while the final setting time is the time when the concrete has completely hardened and can support some weight.

The Vicat Test is an essential tool in the construction industry to ensure the proper setting and hardening of concrete, enabling efficient and effective construction projects.

Penetration Resistance Test

The Penetration Resistance Test is a method used to determine the setting time of concrete. It involves measuring the resistance of the concrete to penetration using a penetrometer. This test provides valuable information about the hardening and setting process of the concrete.

During the Penetration Resistance Test, a steel rod is inserted into the concrete sample at various time intervals to measure its resistance. The depth of penetration is recorded, which indicates the setting time of the concrete. A higher resistance to penetration indicates that the concrete is setting and hardening.

One advantage of the Penetration Resistance Test is that it provides real-time data on the setting time. This allows construction professionals to accurately determine when the concrete will be ready for further construction activities, such as finishing or curing. It also helps in assessing the quality and strength of the concrete.

It is important to note that the penetration resistance may vary depending on factors such as mix design, water-cement ratio, and temperature. These factors can impact the setting time of the concrete, so it is crucial to consider them when conducting the test.

Pro-tip: Regularly conducting the Penetration Resistance Test can help ensure that the concrete is setting properly and meeting the desired strength and durability requirements. By monitoring the setting time, construction professionals can optimize their construction schedule and ensure the success of their projects.

Factors Affecting the Setting Time of Concrete

When considering the setting time of concrete, several factors are involved. This section will examine the main factors that influence the speed at which concrete sets. The mix design, water-cement ratio, and temperature all play significant roles in the setting process. So, prepare yourself to discover the secrets of achieving the desired setting time for your concrete projects.

Mix Design

The mix design is a key factor in determining the setting time of concrete. It involves determining the correct proportions of various ingredients to achieve the desired properties and performance of the concrete.

To create an appropriate mix design, several factors need to be considered. These include the desired strength, durability, workability, and setting time of the concrete. The mix design should be tailored to meet the specific requirements of the project.

In the mix design, the type and amount of cement, aggregates, water, and admixtures are carefully selected and combined. The cement type and content have a significant impact on the setting time. Generally, cements with higher quantities of C3A (tricalcium aluminate) tend to have shorter setting times.

The aggregates used in the mix also play a role in the setting time. Smooth, rounded aggregates tend to have less water demand and can lead to shorter setting times. On the other hand, angular or porous aggregates can increase the water demand and prolong the setting time.

The water-cement ratio is another critical aspect of the mix design. A higher water-cement ratio generally results in longer setting times. It is important to strike a balance between workability and setting time.

The use of admixtures in the mix design can also influence the setting time. Retarders are commonly used to delay the onset of setting, allowing for longer workability. Accelerators, on the other hand, can shorten the setting time, which is advantageous in cold weather conditions or when rapid setting is required.

A well-designed mix that takes into account all these factors is essential in ensuring the desired setting time of the concrete. The mix design should be carefully planned and tested to achieve the required performance and meet the project’s specific needs.

Water-Cement Ratio

Water-Cement Ratio

The water-cement ratio is a critical factor in determining the setting time, strength, and durability of concrete. It refers to the ratio of water to cement in the concrete mixture.

Having the correct water-cement ratio is essential for the hydration process, which occurs when the cement particles react with water to form a strong bond. The ratio directly affects the rate of hydration, as well as the overall workability and strength of the concrete.

Maintaining the appropriate water-cement ratio is crucial because it impacts the density, porosity, and durability of the concrete. A higher water-cement ratio can result in higher porosity and weaker concrete, while a lower ratio can lead to low workability and difficulty in mixing.

For most applications, it is recommended to use a water-cement ratio within the range of 0.4 to 0.6. However, specific projects may require adjustments based on factors such as the desired strength and environmental conditions.

To control the water-cement ratio, it is important to carefully measure both the water and cement content. Precise mixing and thorough hydration are necessary to achieve the desired concrete properties.

The water-cement ratio has a significant impact on the setting time and overall quality of concrete. Paying attention to this ratio ensures the desired strength and durability of the final product.

Temperature

The temperature of the surroundings is a key factor in determining the setting time of concrete. It has a significant impact on the hydration process of cement and influences how quickly or slowly the concrete will harden and gain strength. The following table highlights the effects of temperature on the setting time of concrete:

Temperature	Setting Time
High	Shortened
Moderate	Normal
Low	Prolonged

High temperatures accelerate the hydration process, resulting in a shorter setting time. This can be advantageous in situations where a faster setting time is desired, such as in warm weather or when construction needs to progress quickly. On the other hand, low temperatures slow down the hydration process, leading to a longer setting time. This can pose challenges during colder seasons or when working in cold climates.

It is important to note that extreme temperatures, both high and low, can have negative effects on the quality and performance of the concrete. High temperatures may increase the risk of cracking or reduce the strength of the concrete, while low temperatures can cause delayed setting, reduced workability, and decreased overall strength.

To optimize the setting time of concrete, it is crucial to control the temperature during the mixing, placing, and curing processes. This can be achieved by adjusting the temperature of the water used in the mixture, implementing temperature control measures on the construction site, or using insulating materials during curing.

Pro-tip: Before starting any concrete work, it is essential to monitor the ambient temperature and take appropriate measures to ensure that it falls within the recommended range. This will help achieve the desired setting time and ensure the strength and durability of the concrete structure.

Importance of Controlling the Setting Time

To understand the significance of controlling the setting time of concrete, it is essential to explore its impact on workability and curing. These two crucial aspects not only affect the construction process but also determine the long-term durability and strength of the concrete structure. Let’s delve into the world of setting time and its influence on workability and curing for optimal results.

Workability

Workability is a crucial aspect of concrete and refers to its ease of handling and moulding. Achieving the desired workability is essential for a successful concrete application as it directly impacts the efficiency and quality of the construction project.

To understand the importance of workability, let’s explore a real-life story from a construction site. John, a skilled concrete worker, was tasked with pouring a concrete foundation for a building. He noticed that the concrete mixture was too rigid and lacked workability, making it difficult to spread and finish. Consequently, the concrete application became time-consuming and required excessive effort. Additionally, it resulted in a rough surface finish, which affected the aesthetics of the building.

To avoid such situations, builders and contractors should consider the following factors to ensure proper workability:

1. Consistency: The concrete mixture should have an appropriate consistency for the specific construction application. This can be achieved by adjusting the water-cement ratio and selecting the suitable mix design.

2. Aggregate properties: The type, size, and shape of aggregates used in the concrete mixture can influence workability. Well-graded aggregates with a suitable combination of sizes enhance workability.

3. Admixtures: The addition of chemical admixtures, such as plasticizers or superplasticizers, can improve workability by reducing the water requirement and increasing flowability.

4. Mixing time: Sufficient and proper mixing of concrete is crucial to achieve workability. Inadequate mixing can result in non-uniform distribution of constituents, which can affect workability.

5. Environmental conditions: Factors like temperature, humidity, and wind can affect the workability of concrete. It is essential to consider these conditions during concrete placement and take appropriate measures to maintain workability.

By considering these factors and ensuring proper workability, construction professionals can achieve efficient concrete placement, enhance productivity, and improve the overall quality of the construction project.

Curing

When it comes to curing concrete, there are several important steps to follow in order to achieve the best results:

Prepare the concrete surface by removing any debris or loose particles.
Apply a curing compound or membrane to the surface of the concrete. This will help to retain moisture and prevent the concrete from drying out too quickly.
Cover the concrete with a plastic sheet or damp burlap to create a barrier that will trap moisture and promote proper curing.
Keep the concrete moist by regularly spraying it with water. This will help to prevent the concrete from drying out and ensure that it cures properly.
Monitor the temperature of the concrete to ensure that it stays within the optimal range for curing. Extreme temperatures can affect the curing process.
Avoid applying any additional loads or stress to the concrete during the curing process. This can cause cracks or other damage.
Continue the curing process for a sufficient amount of time, typically around 7 to 14 days, depending on the specific type of concrete being used.
Inspect the cured concrete for any signs of damage or imperfections. If necessary, make any necessary repairs or adjustments.
Protect the cured concrete by applying a sealant or other type of protective coating. This will help to extend the lifespan of the concrete and keep it looking its best.

By following these steps, you can ensure that the curing process is carried out correctly and that your concrete will be strong, durable, and resilient.

Methods to Adjust the Setting Time of Concrete

Methods to Adjust the Setting Time of Concrete
Looking to fine-tune the setting time of concrete? Explore the various methods used to adjust and optimize this crucial factor. We will delve into the use of retarders and the power of accelerators, examining the revolutionary techniques that can have a significant impact on the setting time of concrete. Whether you desire extended workability or a faster curing process, be prepared to uncover the secrets of setting time manipulation in this guide for concrete enthusiasts.

Use of Retarders

The use of retarders in concrete construction is a common practice to delay the setting time of concrete.
Retarders are chemical additives that slow down the hydration process of cement, which in turn extends the setting time.
Retarders are typically used in situations where longer setting times are desired or necessary, such as in hot weather or when the concrete needs to be transported over long distances.
Retarders work by delaying the reaction between water and cement, allowing more time for the concrete to be placed and finished before it becomes too stiff.
Common types of retarders include lignosulfonates, citrates, and tartaric acid derivatives.

When considering the use of retarders in concrete construction, it is important to:

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding dosage and mixing procedures to achieve the desired effect.
Consider the specific project requirements and consult with a concrete expert to determine the most suitable retarder and dosage.
Take into account the ambient temperature and curing conditions, as these factors can affect the effectiveness of the retarder.

The use of retarders can provide greater flexibility and control over the setting time of concrete, allowing for improved workability and ensuring that the concrete can be properly placed and finished.

Use of Accelerators

The use of accelerators in concrete can significantly reduce the setting time, allowing for faster construction and improved productivity. Accelerators are chemical additives that speed up the hydration process, which is the chemical reaction between water and cement that causes the concrete to harden and set.

Benefits of Using Accelerators:

– Accelerate setting time: Accelerators can reduce the initial setting time of concrete by up to 50%. This is especially useful in cold weather conditions or when there is a need for quick construction turnaround.

– Increase early strength: The use of accelerators can enhance the early strength development of concrete, allowing for quick formwork removal and early loading.

– Improved workability: Accelerators can improve the workability of concrete, making it easier to place and finish.

– Better control over setting time: By using accelerators, construction professionals have greater control over the setting time of concrete, which can be advantageous in various construction projects.

– Cost savings: Faster setting time means faster project completion, reducing labour costs and minimising delays.

When using accelerators, it is crucial to follow manufacturer instructions and dosage recommendations to avoid any adverse effects on the concrete’s performance. Factors such as ambient temperature, mix design, and water-cement ratio should also be taken into account when determining the appropriate dosage of accelerators.

Pro tip: Before using accelerators, it is recommended to conduct field trials to ensure compatibility with the specific mix design and desired setting time. Monitoring the setting time and strength development during the trial can help fine-tune the accelerator dosage for optimal results.

Precautions and Best Practices for Setting Time of Concrete

Taking precautions and adopting best practices is crucial when it comes to setting time of concrete. In this section, we will explore the world of concrete curing to understand proper techniques, common problems, and the environmental benefits. Prepare yourself to uncover the secrets to achieving strong and durable concrete structures. Get ready to embark on this journey of mastering the art of concrete setting!

Proper Curing Techniques

Proper curing techniques are essential for ensuring the strength, durability, and longevity of concrete. Here are the steps to follow when applying proper curing techniques for

Begin curing as soon as the concrete has been placed and finished. Delaying the curing process can result in weaker and more porous concrete.
Protect the concrete from moisture loss by applying a curing compound, such as a membrane-forming compound or a liquid membrane.
Use wet curing methods, such as ponding or continuous sprinkling, to keep the concrete surface consistently moist for at least seven days.
If using plastic sheeting, ensure that it is in direct contact with the concrete surface to prevent moisture evaporation.
Avoid premature drying of the concrete by protecting it from direct sunlight, wind, and high temperatures.
Control the temperature of the curing environment by using insulating blankets or temperature-controlled enclosures.
Regularly monitor the moisture content of the concrete using moisture meters or moisture testing kits.
If curing is interrupted due to weather conditions or other factors, repair any damaged or dried-out areas and resume the curing process immediately.
Continue curing for a minimum of 28 days to achieve optimal strength and durability.

By following these proper curing techniques, you can ensure that the concrete reaches its maximum potential in terms of strength and durability. This will extend its lifespan and minimize the potential for cracks, shrinkage, and other defects.

Common Curing Problems

Common Curing Problems

Here is a table that outlines some common curing problems in concrete construction:

Problem	Description
Plastic shrinkage cracking	This occurs when the surface of the concrete dries too quickly, causing cracks to form. It is commonly caused by hot and dry weather, low humidity, and high winds.
Crazing	Crazing refers to the formation of fine cracks on the surface of the concrete. It is typically caused by rapid drying and shrinkage of the surface layer.
Scaling	Scaling happens when the surface of the concrete flakes or peels off. It is commonly caused by freeze-thaw cycles, the use of de-icing salts, and improper curing.
Discoloration	Discoloration can occur due to various factors such as excessive moisture, the presence of impurities in the concrete mix, or improper curing techniques.
Low strength	Inadequate curing can lead to low concrete strength. Insufficient moisture or improper temperature control during the curing process can cause the concrete to develop lower strength than expected.

Concrete curing problems can significantly impact the durability and aesthetics of a structure. It is crucial to address these issues to ensure the long-term performance of concrete elements.

In a real-life scenario, a construction project encountered plastic shrinkage cracking during a hot summer. The concrete was poured in the morning, but due to the high temperatures, the surface dried rapidly, causing cracks to form. To mitigate the problem, the construction team employed curing techniques such as using curing compounds and applying wet burlap over the surface to reduce evaporation. These measures helped prevent further cracking and ensured the quality of the concrete.

Environmental Benefits

Controlling the setting time of concrete offers several environmental benefits:

Reduced carbon footprint: Adjusting the setting time of concrete can optimize construction schedules, resulting in shorter construction periods, reduced energy consumption, and lower carbon emissions.
Minimized waste: Slowing down the setting time using retarders allows for proper placement and finishing, reducing material waste.
Improved durability: Properly controlled setting time enables better curing, leading to long-term performance and durability of concrete.
Enhanced energy efficiency: Using accelerators to speed up the setting time minimizes the time needed for temperature control, improving energy efficiency.
Preservation of natural resources: Accelerators reduce the water-to-cement ratio, preserving water resources during the construction process.

Controlling the setting time of concrete not only has environmental benefits such as reduced carbon footprint, minimized waste generation, enhanced durability, improved energy efficiency, and preservation of natural resources but also contributes to a more sustainable and eco-friendly building industry.

Some Facts About Setting Time for Concrete: What You Need to Know:

✅ Standard concrete takes around one to two days to set and reaches its full strength after 25-28 days.
✅ Concrete can be walked on and used for normal tasks after one week, but it will only be at around 70-80% of its full strength.
✅ Concrete continues to harden and develop over time, but this does not necessarily benefit its structure.
✅ The mixing of cement, water, and aggregates forms bonds that make the concrete stronger and harder.
✅ Moisture is a crucial factor in concrete hardening, with too much or too little water affecting the curing process.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take for standard concrete to set and reach its full strength?

Standard concrete takes around one to two days to set and reaches its full strength after 25-28 days.

Can concrete be used for normal tasks after one week?

Yes, concrete can be walked on and used for normal tasks after one week, but it will only be at around 70-80% of its full strength.

What factors affect the hardening of concrete?

The mixing of cement, water, and aggregates forms bonds that make the concrete stronger and harder. Moisture levels, including both too much or too little water, also significantly affect the curing process.

How can concrete drying time be accelerated?

Concrete drying time can be accelerated by getting the water mix ratio correct, avoiding covering or sealing the surface, and controlling moisture through ventilation or dehumidifiers. Concrete blankets can also be used to speed up the curing process.

Do accelerants impact the strength and integrity of the concrete?

No, accelerants used by concrete contractors to speed up the setting time do not significantly impact the strength or integrity of the concrete.

How long does concrete take to dry enough for walking or driving on?

Concrete typically takes 24 to 48 hours to dry enough for walking or driving on. However, it reaches its full strength after about 28 days.